| Nijat Ahadi, Yusif Ahadi Radiometric Corrections in Remote Sensing: Mathematical Modeling and Atmospheric Compensation |
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| Abstract. Satellite-based remote sensing data are widely used for observing the Earth's surface; however, these data are affected by various optical distortions—such as scattering, absorption, and diffusion—as they pass through the atmosphere. As a result, the radiance measured by satellite sensors does not accurately represent the true signal reflected from the Earth's surface. To address this discrepancy and obtain more precise information, radiometric corrections are applied. This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), which forms the basis for modeling the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the atmosphere in remote sensing. Key components such as atmospheric transmission functions, scattering models (Rayleigh and Mie), and commonly used correction methods are examined. Additionally, inverse solutions of the RTE and both numerical and empirical approaches to atmospheric compensation are mathematically substantiated. The proposed framework aims to enhance the accuracy of remote sensing outputs, thereby enabling more reliable computation of indicators such as vegetation indices. |
| Keywords: Remote sensing, NDVI, radiometric correction, reflectance, modeling, atmospheric effects |
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